KEPUTUSAN TIDAK MENIKAH DAN TIDAK MEMILIKI ANAK DI KOREA SELATAN DIADOPSI MUSLIM SAAT INI
Keywords:
Muslim, Childfree, Childless, Relasi Suami Istri, Lajang
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the decision to remain unmarried, childfree, and childless within the Muslim community in South Korea, focusing on socio-demographic perspectives and Islamic legal views. South Korea's low fertility rate of 0.78 children per woman by 2022 is the main background of this research, which explores the phenomenon of changing family structures amid contemporary economic and social complexities. The research method uses a descriptive-analytical approach with data collection techniques through literature study, in-depth interviews, and document analysis from official sources such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and worldometers. Demographic and statistical data were analyzed comparatively with reference to Islamic normative perspectives. The results identified four main typologies in the family phenomenon: (1) single individuals who reject marriage due to economic and social concerns, (2) a preference for adoption over having biological children, (3) couples who experience childlessness due to procrastination, and (4) the childfree decision as a conscious choice. The study of Islamic law shows the flexibility of the four madhhabs in viewing postponement of pregnancy, provided that it does not violate reproductive and spiritual principles. The research concludes that the choice of childfree or childless is a complex response to socio-economic uncertainty, which requires mathematical planning.
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References
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Park Sung-Min. “Wawancara Keputusan Menikah Di Korea Selatan,” 2024.
Patnani, Miwa, Bagus Takwin, and Winarini Wilman Mansoer. “Bahagia Tanpa Anak? Arti Penting Anak Bagi Involuntary Childless.” Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan 9, no. 1 (2021): 117.
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Yi. “A Study on the Impact of the Change in Val Ues on Mar Riage and Fer Til Ity Behaviors.” Health and Social Welfare Review 26, no. 2 (2006): 95–140.
Zuhriah, Erfaniah, Erik Sabti Rahmawati, Melinda Aprilyanti, Umi Chaidaroh, and Mufidah Ch. “Childfree, the Digital Era, and Islamic Law: Views of Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Gender Activists in Malang, Indonesia.” Samarah 7, no. 3 (2023): 1606–1626.
Ajzen, Icek, and Jane Klobas. “Fertility Intentions.” Demographic Research 29, no. December (2013): 203–232.
Al-Asqalani, Ibnu Hajar. Bulughul Maram -Terj Indonesia. Jakarta: Darul Haq, 2015.
Alkausar, Muhammad Miftah, and Ita Rahmania Kusumawati. “Child-Free Lifestyle in Muslim Societies : A Review of Islamic Law and Indonesian Kiai Figures Perspective.” Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya 8, no. 2 (2022): 138–152.
Al-Mahalli, Jalaluddin, and Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti. Tafsir Jalalain Al-Muyassar. Beirut: Darul Fikr, 2003.
al-Sayyid ‘Alwi al-Maliki al-Hasani, Al-Sayyid Muhammad. Adab Al-Islām Fī Niẓām al-Usrah. Makkah al Mukarramah: al Husni, 1423.
Ames, Heather, Claire Glenton, and Simon Lewin. “Purposive Sampling in a Qualitative Evidence Synthesis: A Worked Example From a Synthesis on Parental Perceptions of Vaccination Communication.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 19, no. 1 (2019): 1–9.
Aris, Seno. “Pemikiran Masdar Farid Mas’udi Tentang Hak Reproduksi Wanita.” BUANA GENDER : Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak 5, no. 1 (2020): 55–64.
Canda, Edward R. “Filial Piety and Care for Elders: A Contested Confucian Virtue Reexamined.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work 22 (2013): 213–234.
Chee, Yeon Kyung. “Elder Care in Korea: The Future Is Now.” Ageing International 26, no. June 2020 (2020): 25–37.
Choi, Kate H., and Yue Qian. “The Rise of the Childless Single in South Korea.” Journal of Family Theory and Review 15, no. 3 (2023): 526–541.
Dewi, Ratna. “Konsep Kesehatan Reproduksi Perempuan Dalam Al-Qur’an.” Mawa’Izh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Pengembangan Sosial Kemanusiaan 10, no. 2 (2019): 248–272.
Etikan, Ilker. “Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling.” American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 5, no. 1 (2016): 1–4.
Firstpost. “South Korean Women Protest Child Birth | South Korea’s Population Decline.” 9 Oktober, 2023.
Franklin, Anita, Patricia Lund, Caroline Bradbury-Jones, and Julie Taylor. “Children with Albinism in African Regions: Their Rights to ‘being’ and ‘Doing.’” BMC International Health and Human Rights 18, no. 2 (2018): 1–8.
Han, Kim and Patners. “South Korean Population.” Wordometer. Last modified 2023. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/south-korea-population/.
Hwang, Jisoo. “Later, Fewer, None? Recent Trends in Cohort Fertility in South Korea.” Demography 60, no. 2 (2023): 563–582.
Hye-Jin, Kim. “Wawancara Keputusan Menikah Di Korea Selatan,” 2024.
Indah, Dania Nalisa, and Syaifuddin Zuhdi. “The Childfree Phenomenon in the Perspective of Human Rights and Maqashid Al-Shari’ah.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Community Empowerment and Engagement (ICCEE 2021) 661, no. Iccee 2021 (2022): 222–231.
Indrawati, Maria. “Wawancara Keputusan Menikah Di Korea Selatan,” 2024.
Ji-Eun, Lee. “Wawancara Keputusan Menikah Di Korea Selatan,” 2024.
Juzay. Al-Qawaninu al Fiqh Li Ibni Juzai. Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1997.
Kalibuli, Abdul Rahman bin Muhammad al. Majma’ al-Anhar Fi Sharh Multaqa al-Abhar. Juz1 ed. Bairut- Lebanon: Dar Khutub al-Ilmiyah, 1998.
Khasanah, Uswatul, and Muhammad Rosyid Ridho. “Childfree Perspektif Hak Reproduksi Perempuan Dalam Islam.” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law & Family Studies 3, no. 2 (2021): 104–128.
Kim, Dong One, and Seongsu Kim. “Globalization, Financial Crisis, And Industrial Relations: The Case of South Korea.” Industrial Relations 42, no. 3 (2003): 341–367.
Kim, Jin Sun. “Daughters-in-Law in Korean Caregiving Families.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 36, no. 3 (2001): 399–408.
Lee, Sophia Seung Yoon, and Yuhwi Kim. “Female Outsiders in South Korea’s Dual Labour Market: Challenges of Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value.” Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 4 (2020): 651–678.
Leocadio, Victor A. “Childlessness: A Review of the Theoretical Frameworks and a Proposition of General Pathways.” International Journal of Population Studies 7, no. 2 (2021): 1–13.
Lim, Sojung. “Socioeconomic Differentials in Fertility in South Korea.” Demographic Research 44 (2021): 941–978.
Martiyah. “Struktur Surat Al-Najm Prespektif Semitic Rhetorical Analysis (SRA) ; Studi Kritik Atas Penafsiran Nicolai Sinai.” UIN Walisongo. Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, 2022.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. “Korea Real Estate Board.” National sur vey of house price trends (Technical report). Daegu, South Korea, 2022.
Muhammad Khatibul Umam, and Nano Romadlon Auliya Akbar. “Childfree Pasca Pernikahan: Keadilan Hak-Hak Reproduksi Perempuan Perspektif Masdar Farid Mas’udi Dan Al-Ghazali.” Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law 3, no. 2 (2021): 157–172.
Naja, Syaikh al Islam al Muhaqqaq Abi. الإقناع في فقه الإمام أحمد بن حنبل. Juz 3. Lebano-eirut: Dar al Mu’arafat, 978.
Nurjanah, Siti, and Iffatin Nur. “Childfree: Between the Sacredness of Religion, Law and the Reality of Society.” Al-’Adalah 19, no. 1 (2022): 1–28.
Nurul Hasanah. “Childfree Dan Childless Ditinjau Dalam Fiqih Dan Prespektif Pendidikan Islam” 2, no. 9 (2022): 3039–3046.
OCD. “Good Jobs for All in a Changing World of Work : Implementation HIghlights for Korea.” the OECD Jobs Strategy, no. August (2020): 2020.
OECD. “Spending on Tertiary Education (Indicator).” Last modified 2023. Accessed October 27, 2023. https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/spending-on-tertiary-education.htm.
Park, I. H., and L. J. Cho. “Confucianism and the Korean Family.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 26, no. 1 (1995): 117–134.
Park Sung-Min. “Wawancara Keputusan Menikah Di Korea Selatan,” 2024.
Patnani, Miwa, Bagus Takwin, and Winarini Wilman Mansoer. “Bahagia Tanpa Anak? Arti Penting Anak Bagi Involuntary Childless.” Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan 9, no. 1 (2021): 117.
Qibtiyah, Mariatul, and Wahyu Ihsan. “Al-Qur ’ an Rebuttal Against Childfree Lifestyle.” International Conference on Islam, Law and Society (2022).
Rashid, Raphael. “South Korea Has so Few Babies It Is Offering New Parents $10,500.” Aljazeera. Accessed October 28, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/12/south-korea-splashes-the-cash-in-scramble-to-fix-fertility-crisis.
Raymo, James, and Hyunjoon Park. “Mariage Decline in KOrea : Changin Composition of the Domestic Marriage Market and Growth in INternational Marriage.” Demography 57, no. 1 (2020): 171–194.
Sakinah, Hijriatu, and Suyuti Dahlan Rifa’i. “Islam Dan Gender: Relevansi Pembaharuan Islam Bidang Keluarga Dan Tuntutan Egaliter.” Tahkim (Jurnal Peradaban dan Hukum Islam) 4, no. 1 (2021): 21–40.
Seth, Michael J. “Education Fever: Society, Politics, and the Pursuit of Schooling in South Korea.” University of Hawai’i Press, 2002.
Syeikh Abu Syuja’. Tadzhib Fi Adillah Matan al Ghayah Wa Taqrib. Damaskus-Beirut: Dar Ibnu Katsir, 1989.
Times, Korea. “30 People Purchased 8,000 Homes: Data.” 2023-09-21 17:14. Last modified 2023. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/biz/2023/12/602_359685.html.
UN, Visual Politik. “How South Korea Is Running Out of Children.” 7 Oktober, 2023.
Windarto, Rika Putri. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Keengganan Menikah Pada Dewasa Madya ; Studi Kasus Di Desa Grogol, Kecamatan Sawoo, Kabupaten Ponorogo.” Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, 2023.
Yi. “A Study on the Impact of the Change in Val Ues on Mar Riage and Fer Til Ity Behaviors.” Health and Social Welfare Review 26, no. 2 (2006): 95–140.
Zuhriah, Erfaniah, Erik Sabti Rahmawati, Melinda Aprilyanti, Umi Chaidaroh, and Mufidah Ch. “Childfree, the Digital Era, and Islamic Law: Views of Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Gender Activists in Malang, Indonesia.” Samarah 7, no. 3 (2023): 1606–1626.
Published
2024-12-13
How to Cite
Nuraini, Diah. FiTUA: Jurnal Studi Islam 5, no. 2 (December 13, 2024): 180-197. Accessed January 9, 2025. http://ejournal.stitbima.ac.id/index.php/fitua/article/view/636.
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Diah Nuraini
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