TEORI BEBAN KOGNITIF JOHN SWELLER DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN DASAR
Keywords:
Beban Kognitif, Bahasa Arab, Pendidikan Dasar, John Sweller
Abstract
This study aims to explain the concept of Cognitive Load Theory developed by John Sweller and its implications for Arabic language learning at the elementary education level. Using a literature review approach and descriptive-analytical techniques, this study provides an in-depth analysis of relevant literature. The findings reveal that Cognitive Load Theory highlights the limitations of working memory in processing information, which includes intrinsic, extrinsic, and germane cognitive loads. In Arabic language learning, this theory guides educators to reduce intrinsic cognitive load through simplifying teaching materials and introducing concepts gradually. Additionally, extrinsic cognitive load can be minimized by improving the quality of media, teaching materials, and relevant interactive teaching strategies. Meanwhile, germane cognitive load can be optimized through learning activities that reinforce students' cognitive schemas, such as contextual practice, visualization, and consistent repetition. Implementing this theory makes learning more effective and efficient, helping students gradually overcome the complexities of the Arabic language. Consequently, students' learning motivation is maintained, and the learning process becomes more meaningful. These findings are relevant for developing learning strategies oriented toward the cognitive needs of students at the elementary education level.
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References
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Ansori, Muhammad Firdaus. “Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Dalam Inovasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.” Al-Miskawaih: Journal of Science Education 1, no. 2 (2022): 273–296.
Asiah, Asiah, Zamroni Zamroni, and Muhammad Khairul Rijal. “Problematika Pembelajaran Nahwu Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbahasa Arab Di Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia.” Borneo Journal of Language and Education 2, no. 2 (2022): 170–185.
Badi’ah, Zahrotul. “Implikasi Teori Belajar Kognitif J. Piaget Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Dengan Metode Audiolongual.” Attractive: Innovative Education Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 76–90.
Çakiroğlu, Ünal, Mustafa Güler, Melek Atabay, and Maşide Güler. “Connections Between Learning Styles and Perceived Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning: An Experimental Study.” Journal of Educational Technology Systems 48, no. 4 (June 2020): 553–573.
Fakhrunnisaa, Nur. “Deskripsi Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Arab Siswa Pengguna Media Pembelajaran Pop-Up Book.” Jurnal Konsepsi 12, no. 2 (2023): 1–8.
Fraser, Kristin L., Paul Ayres, and John Sweller. “Cognitive Load Theory for the Design of Medical Simulations.” Simulation in Healthcare 10, no. 5 (2015): 295–307.
Greenberg, Kevin, and Robert Zheng. “Revisiting the Debate on Germane Cognitive Load versus Germane Resources.” Journal of Cognitive Psychology 35, no. 3 (April 3, 2023): 295–314.
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Massofia, Fitrah Dinanti, Suci Ramadhanti Febriani, and Langgeng Budianto. “Children’s Acquisition of Arabic Language Based On Chomsky’s Theory Of Nativism.” Journal of Arabic Language Learning and Teaching (JALLT) 2, no. 2 (2024): 111–120.
Muhtarom, Hadi. “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Gambar Untuk Penunjang Penguasaan Mufrodat Di Kelas II MI Nurul Ulum Kretek Bantul TA. 2018/2019.” PhD Thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2019. Accessed December 11, 2024. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/39033.
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Nurwanda, Yayang, Burhanudin Milama, and Luki Yunita. “Beban Kognitif Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Kimia Di Pondok Pesantren.” Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia 14, no. 2 (2020): 2629–2641.
Paas, Fred, and Paul Ayres. “Cognitive Load Theory: A Broader View on the Role of Memory in Learning and Education.” Educational Psychology Review 26, no. 2 (June 2014): 191–195.
Permata, Bagus Adrian. “Teori Generatif-Transformatif Noam Chomsky Dan Relevansinya Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.” EMPIRISMA: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam 24, no. 2 (2015). Accessed December 5, 2024. https://www.academia.edu/download/78326219/18.pdf.
Pratama, Budi, Haerani Kadar, Busyro Husaini, Muslih Abdul Aziz, and Dimas Adi Saputra. “Modern vs Traditional: Comparative Study of Efficacious Arabic Language Learning Methods.” Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 16, no. 1 (2024): 239–257.
Putri, Salisah, Adinda Dwika, Nuri Widiawati, Putri Darnisah, Widya Ayu Yosantri, Anggun Khairunnisa, and Intan Syiharah. “Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Sekolah MIN 12 Medan.” Argopuro: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 6 (2024): 31–40.
Qibtiyah, Mayada Mariyatul. “Communicative Learning Approach (Al-Madkhal Al-Ittishali) in Arabic Learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Tatsqify: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 5, no. 1 (2024). Accessed December 11, 2024.
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Raswan, Raswan, Muhbib Abdul Wahab, and Syaiful Hakki. “Simplifikasi Morfologi Arab (Sharf) Dengan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Dan Analogi.” Arabi: Journal of Arabic Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 25–37.
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Rochimah, Dewi Chafidatur, Muhammad Hanief, and Lia Nur Atiqoh Bela Dina. “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal Mufrodat Bahasa Arab Pada Siswa Kelas III Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Islamiyah Kota Malang.” JPMI: Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 1, no. 2 (2019): 74–81.
Saeputra, Muhammad Ariq. “Fa’aliyah Istikhdam Wasilah Wordwall Fi Ta’lim al-Mufradat Lada Talamidz Madrasah Pembangunan al-Ibtida’iyyah al-Islamiyyah Jakarta.” B.S. thesis, Jakarta: FITK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, n.d. Accessed December 11, 2024. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/76864.
Salsabila, Anida, Ratna Purwati, Abdul Rohman, Casta Casta, and Maman Fatkhurrohman. “Efforts to Improve Arabic Language Skills Using Audiolingual Methods in Grade 4 of the Global Qur’an Civilization Elementary School, Cirebon City.” Action Research Journal Indonesia 3, no. 4 (n.d.): 284–300.
Sulaiman, Edy. “Membumikan Bahasa Arab Sejak Dini (Analisis Kesulitan Dan Tantangan Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Pemula).” Edu Journal Innovation in Learning and Education 1, no. 2 (2023): 142–151.
Surahman, Ence, Adrie Satrio, and Herminarto Sofyan. “Kajian Teori Dalam Penelitian.” Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (2020): 49–58.
Suri, Ghea Paulina, Atman Lucky Fernandes, and Syahrul Bahri. “Media Pembelajaran Pengenalan Bahasa Arab Studi Kasus Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Berbasis Android: Learning Media Introduction to Arabic Case Study of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Based on Android.” Engineering and Technology International Journal 3, no. 02 (2021): 149–158.
Sweller, John. “Cognitive Load Theory.” In Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 55:37–76. Elsevier, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123876911000028.
———. “Cognitive Load Theory: Recent Theoretical Advances.” (2010). Accessed December 10, 2024. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-09374-002.
Sweller, John, Paul Ayres, and Slava Kalyuga. Cognitive Load Theory. New York: Springer, 2011.
Sylvia, Novi. “Pengakomodasian Skema Kognitif Manusia: Pengembangan Materi Ajar Bagi Pendidikan Bahasa.” In Seminar Internasional Riksa Bahasa, 2019. Accessed December 11, 2024.
http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/riksabahasa/article/view/1030.
Ulil Kirom, Makhi, Amrini Shofiyani, Umi Kholila, Jauhar Ali, Ahmad Zamroni, and Uswatul Hasanah. Bahasa Arab MI Kelas I-VI. Jakarta: Direktorat KSKK Madrasah Dirjen Pendis Kemenag RI, 2020.
“Emeritus Professor John Sweller.” UNSW Sites. Accessed December 8, 2024. https://www.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller.
“Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Islam Nomor 3211 Tahun 2022 Tentang Capaian Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Bahasa Arab Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Madrasah,” n.d.
“Keputusan Kepala BSKAP Kemendikbudristek Nomor 033/H/KR/2022 Tentang Capaian Pembelajaran Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, Dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Pada Kurikulum Merdeka,” n.d.
“Keputusan Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor 450 Tahun 2024 Tentanag Pedoman Implementasi Kurikulum RA, MI, MTS, MA Dan MAK,” n.d.
Addaeroby, Muhammad Fahdin, and Erma Febriani. “Application Of Skinner’s Behaviorist Learning Theory In Learning Arabic Speaking Proficiency/Penerapan Teori Belajar Behavioristik Skinner Dalam Pembelajaran Maharah Kalam.” Jurnal Bahasa Arab 1, no. 1 (2024): 33–42.
Afifah, Afifah, and Imam Mashuri. “Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Totally Physical Responce (TPR) Terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab MI Miftahur Rahman Benowo Surabaya.” INCARE, International Journal of Educational Resources 3, no. 1 (2022): 029–038.
Akla, Akla. “Desain Materi Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Cerita Rakyat Untuk Tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Akademika: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 21, no. 1 (2016): 153–172.
Ansori, Muhammad Firdaus. “Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Dalam Inovasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.” Al-Miskawaih: Journal of Science Education 1, no. 2 (2022): 273–296.
Asiah, Asiah, Zamroni Zamroni, and Muhammad Khairul Rijal. “Problematika Pembelajaran Nahwu Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbahasa Arab Di Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia.” Borneo Journal of Language and Education 2, no. 2 (2022): 170–185.
Badi’ah, Zahrotul. “Implikasi Teori Belajar Kognitif J. Piaget Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Dengan Metode Audiolongual.” Attractive: Innovative Education Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 76–90.
Çakiroğlu, Ünal, Mustafa Güler, Melek Atabay, and Maşide Güler. “Connections Between Learning Styles and Perceived Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning: An Experimental Study.” Journal of Educational Technology Systems 48, no. 4 (June 2020): 553–573.
Fakhrunnisaa, Nur. “Deskripsi Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Arab Siswa Pengguna Media Pembelajaran Pop-Up Book.” Jurnal Konsepsi 12, no. 2 (2023): 1–8.
Fraser, Kristin L., Paul Ayres, and John Sweller. “Cognitive Load Theory for the Design of Medical Simulations.” Simulation in Healthcare 10, no. 5 (2015): 295–307.
Greenberg, Kevin, and Robert Zheng. “Revisiting the Debate on Germane Cognitive Load versus Germane Resources.” Journal of Cognitive Psychology 35, no. 3 (April 3, 2023): 295–314.
Isbah, Faliqul. “Memahami Karakteristik Bahasa Arab Untuk Pembelajaran.” Jurnal Ilmiah Bashrah 3, no. 01 (2023): 1–10.
Izzah, Nailul. “Application of the Canva Application Media in Arabic Language Learning| Penerapan Media Aplikasi Canva Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.” An-nahdloh: Journal of Arabic Teaching 2, no. 2 (2024): 53–62.
Kalyuga, Slava. Instructional Guidance A Cognitive Load Perspective. New York: Information Age Publishing, 2015.
Marinda, Leny. “Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Jean Piaget Dan Problematikanya Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar.” An-Nisa Journal of Gender Studies 13, no. 1 (2020): 116–152.
Massofia, Fitrah Dinanti, Suci Ramadhanti Febriani, and Langgeng Budianto. “Children’s Acquisition of Arabic Language Based On Chomsky’s Theory Of Nativism.” Journal of Arabic Language Learning and Teaching (JALLT) 2, no. 2 (2024): 111–120.
Muhtarom, Hadi. “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Gambar Untuk Penunjang Penguasaan Mufrodat Di Kelas II MI Nurul Ulum Kretek Bantul TA. 2018/2019.” PhD Thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2019. Accessed December 11, 2024. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/39033.
Nazif, Ahmad. “Desain Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Macromedia Flash Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (Min) Pemurus Dalam Banjarmasin.” Al-Falah: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman Dan Kemasyarakatan 20, no. 1 (2020): 21–42.
Nurwanda, Yayang, Burhanudin Milama, and Luki Yunita. “Beban Kognitif Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Kimia Di Pondok Pesantren.” Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia 14, no. 2 (2020): 2629–2641.
Paas, Fred, and Paul Ayres. “Cognitive Load Theory: A Broader View on the Role of Memory in Learning and Education.” Educational Psychology Review 26, no. 2 (June 2014): 191–195.
Permata, Bagus Adrian. “Teori Generatif-Transformatif Noam Chomsky Dan Relevansinya Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.” EMPIRISMA: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam 24, no. 2 (2015). Accessed December 5, 2024. https://www.academia.edu/download/78326219/18.pdf.
Pratama, Budi, Haerani Kadar, Busyro Husaini, Muslih Abdul Aziz, and Dimas Adi Saputra. “Modern vs Traditional: Comparative Study of Efficacious Arabic Language Learning Methods.” Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 16, no. 1 (2024): 239–257.
Putri, Salisah, Adinda Dwika, Nuri Widiawati, Putri Darnisah, Widya Ayu Yosantri, Anggun Khairunnisa, and Intan Syiharah. “Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Sekolah MIN 12 Medan.” Argopuro: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 6 (2024): 31–40.
Qibtiyah, Mayada Mariyatul. “Communicative Learning Approach (Al-Madkhal Al-Ittishali) in Arabic Learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Tatsqify: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 5, no. 1 (2024). Accessed December 11, 2024.
Rahmat, Adi, and Anna Fitri Hindriana. “Beban Kognitif Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Fungsi Terintegrasi Struktur Tumbuhan Berbasis Dimensi Belajar.” Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang 20, no. 1 (2014): 113805.
Raswan, Raswan, Muhbib Abdul Wahab, and Syaiful Hakki. “Simplifikasi Morfologi Arab (Sharf) Dengan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Dan Analogi.” Arabi: Journal of Arabic Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 25–37.
Richardo, Rino, and Rima Aksen Cahdriyana. “Strategi Meminimalkan Beban Kognitif Eksternal Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Berdasarkan Load Cognitive Theory.” Humanika, Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum 21, no. 1 (2021): 17–32.
Rochimah, Dewi Chafidatur, Muhammad Hanief, and Lia Nur Atiqoh Bela Dina. “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal Mufrodat Bahasa Arab Pada Siswa Kelas III Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Islamiyah Kota Malang.” JPMI: Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 1, no. 2 (2019): 74–81.
Saeputra, Muhammad Ariq. “Fa’aliyah Istikhdam Wasilah Wordwall Fi Ta’lim al-Mufradat Lada Talamidz Madrasah Pembangunan al-Ibtida’iyyah al-Islamiyyah Jakarta.” B.S. thesis, Jakarta: FITK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, n.d. Accessed December 11, 2024. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/76864.
Salsabila, Anida, Ratna Purwati, Abdul Rohman, Casta Casta, and Maman Fatkhurrohman. “Efforts to Improve Arabic Language Skills Using Audiolingual Methods in Grade 4 of the Global Qur’an Civilization Elementary School, Cirebon City.” Action Research Journal Indonesia 3, no. 4 (n.d.): 284–300.
Sulaiman, Edy. “Membumikan Bahasa Arab Sejak Dini (Analisis Kesulitan Dan Tantangan Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Pemula).” Edu Journal Innovation in Learning and Education 1, no. 2 (2023): 142–151.
Surahman, Ence, Adrie Satrio, and Herminarto Sofyan. “Kajian Teori Dalam Penelitian.” Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (2020): 49–58.
Suri, Ghea Paulina, Atman Lucky Fernandes, and Syahrul Bahri. “Media Pembelajaran Pengenalan Bahasa Arab Studi Kasus Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Berbasis Android: Learning Media Introduction to Arabic Case Study of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Based on Android.” Engineering and Technology International Journal 3, no. 02 (2021): 149–158.
Sweller, John. “Cognitive Load Theory.” In Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 55:37–76. Elsevier, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123876911000028.
———. “Cognitive Load Theory: Recent Theoretical Advances.” (2010). Accessed December 10, 2024. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-09374-002.
Sweller, John, Paul Ayres, and Slava Kalyuga. Cognitive Load Theory. New York: Springer, 2011.
Sylvia, Novi. “Pengakomodasian Skema Kognitif Manusia: Pengembangan Materi Ajar Bagi Pendidikan Bahasa.” In Seminar Internasional Riksa Bahasa, 2019. Accessed December 11, 2024.
http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/riksabahasa/article/view/1030.
Ulil Kirom, Makhi, Amrini Shofiyani, Umi Kholila, Jauhar Ali, Ahmad Zamroni, and Uswatul Hasanah. Bahasa Arab MI Kelas I-VI. Jakarta: Direktorat KSKK Madrasah Dirjen Pendis Kemenag RI, 2020.
“Emeritus Professor John Sweller.” UNSW Sites. Accessed December 8, 2024. https://www.unsw.edu.au/staff/john-sweller.
“Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Islam Nomor 3211 Tahun 2022 Tentang Capaian Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Bahasa Arab Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Madrasah,” n.d.
“Keputusan Kepala BSKAP Kemendikbudristek Nomor 033/H/KR/2022 Tentang Capaian Pembelajaran Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, Dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Pada Kurikulum Merdeka,” n.d.
“Keputusan Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor 450 Tahun 2024 Tentanag Pedoman Implementasi Kurikulum RA, MI, MTS, MA Dan MAK,” n.d.
Published
2024-09-29
How to Cite
Syagif, A. (2024, September 29). TEORI BEBAN KOGNITIF JOHN SWELLER DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN DASAR. FASHLUNA, 5(2), 93-105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47625/fashluna.v5i2.883
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Syagif
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