Confrontation and Reconciliation Efforts in the Sunni-Shia Conflict in Indonesia
A Study of IJABI (Indonesian Ahlulbait Association) and ANNAS (National Anti-Shia Alliance)
Keywords:
Sunni-Syiah, ANNAS, IJABI, Confrontation, Reconciliation
Abstract
The Shia minority group in Indonesia has experienced marginalization. Differences in beliefs compared to the majority (Sunni) have sometimes resulted in acts of persecution, intimidation, and perceptions of secondary status. The formation of IJABI (Indonesian Ahlulbait Association) on July 1, 2000, was undertaken by the Shia community to be recognized as a legitimate Islamic entity and as citizens of Indonesia. However, negative perceptions of Shia persist, particularly among conservative Muslim groups. This situation has continued since the emergence of ANNAS (National Anti-Shia Alliance) in 2014, which has at times received support from regional leaders.This paper aims to describe the dynamics of the Sunni-Shia conflict in Indonesia and the efforts at reconciliation between the two groups. The focus is placed on IJABI and ANNAS, though other groups are considered as well. The author references relevant literature on Indonesian Shia, including materials and official websites from both IJABI and ANNAS. A comparative analysis is used. In the author's brief study, IJABI, representing an Indonesian Shia group, has made efforts to establish positive relations with Sunni groups, while ANNAS has presented challenges to these relations.
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References
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Al-Zaman, M. S., & Alimi, M. Y. (2021). Islam, Religious Confrontation and Hoaxes in the Digital Public Sphere: Comparison of Bangladesh and Indonesia. Komunitas, 13(2), 206–233. https://doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v13i2.27223
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Amin, M. (2013). Mengenal dan mewaspadai penyimpangan Syi’ah di Indonesia (Cetakan pertama). Al Qalam.
ANNAS Indonesia. (n.d.). ANNAS Indonesia. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.annasindonesia.com/
Daneshgar, M. (2014). The Study of Persian Shi‘ism in the Malay-Indonesian world: A Review of Literature from the Nineteenth Century onwards. Journal of Shi’a Islamic Studies, 7(2), 191–229. https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2014.0017
Fatum Abubakar, Muttaqin, Z., Salimah Muhammed Husayn, & Dian Nur Anna. (2022). Strategies For Religious Conflict Resolution In Indonesia: A Case Study Of The Ja’fariyah Shi’a Minority In Ternate. Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat, 19(2), 205–229. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v19i2.5586
Formichi, C. (2015). From Fluid Identities to Sectarian Labels: A Historical Investigation of Indonesia’s Shi‘i Communities. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 52(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.101-126
Hasim, M. (2012). Syiah: Sejarah Timbul dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia. Harmoni, 11(4), 22–33.
Hasyim, M. (2012). Shia: Its History and Development in Indonesia. Analisa, 19(2), 147. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v19i2.162
I J A B I. (n.d.). I J A B I. Retrieved December 29, 2025, from https://www.ijabi.or.id/
Indonesia, T. A. (2014). Syiah Menurut Syiah. Dewan Pengurus Pusat Ahlulbait Indonesia.
Indonesia, T. A. B. (2012). Buku Putih Mazhab Syiah Menurut Para Ulamanya yang Muktabar. Dewan Pengurus Pusat Ahlul Bait Indonesia.
Islam Nusantara Islam Indonesia (3). (2015, July 2). Republika Online. https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/publik/15/07/02/nqur7r18-islam-nusantara-islam-indonesia-3
Konflik Sunni-Syiah di Madura? (n.d.). SINDOnews Nasional. Retrieved January 30, 2024, from https://nasional.sindonews.com/berita/667841/18/konflik-sunni-syiah-di-madura
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Makhsum, A. (2019). Stigmatisasi Dan Propaganda Anti-Syiah: Sorotan Deskriptif Gerakan Annas. Jurnal CMES, 12(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.20961/cmes.12.2.37894
Masduki, A., Niu, P., & Triyono, A. (2021). Media and Religion: Study of Anti-Shi’a Propaganda in Yogyakarta. Komunikator, 13(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.18196/jkm.131048
Media, K. C. (2015, October 28). Bima Arya Ungkap Alasan Terbitkan Larangan Perayaan Kelompok Syiah. KOMPAS.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/xml/2015/10/28/20074521/Bima.Arya.Ungkap.Alasan.Terbitkan.Larangan.Perayaan.Kelompok.Syiah
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Mibtadin, Habib, Z., Khalikin, A., Sugiyarto, W., Marpuah, Wibowo, A. M., & Reslawati. (2024). Dynamics of Moderation of Religious Islamic Organizations in Indonesia. Evolutionary Studies In Imaginative Culture, 960–971. https://doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.876
Mietzner, M. (2018). Authoritarian elections, state capacity, and performance legitimacy: Phases of regime consolidation and decline in Suharto’s Indonesia. International Political Science Review, 39(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116687139
Mundiroh lailatul munawaroh, n. 1220510074. (2014). Penyelesaian konflik sunni-syiah di sampang madura [Masters, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga]. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/15132/
Musadad, A. N. (2019). Reviewing The “Oase” (Organization Of Ahlulbayt For Social-Support And Education); Its Creeds, Its Activities, and a Different Color within Indonesian Shi’is. Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion, 4(01), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v4i01.783
Musdhalifah. (2022). Interfaith Marriage Between Sunni And Shia: A Phenomenological Study In The Bondowoso Arab Community. Empirisma: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 31(2), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.30762/empirisma.v31i2.221
Mustofa, I., Mustakim, M., Purwanto, M., Mukharrom, T., & Dewantoro, M. (2020). The Sunni-Shi’a Relation In East Lampung: From Resistance To Harmony. Test Engineering and Management, 83, 10707.
Ponpes YAPI Tuding Penyerang Dari Kelompok ASWAJA. (n.d.). Retrieved January 30, 2024, from https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-1571970/ponpes-yapi-tuding-penyerang-dari-kelompok-aswaja
Qurtuby, S. A. (2020). The Rise Of Islamism And The Future Of Indonesian Islam. Journal of International Studies, 16, 105–128.
Rahmat, M., Firdaus, E., & Parhan, M. (2023). Countering Prejudice and Religious Intolerance of Indonesian Students towards Fellow Muslims of Different Madhhab. Resmilitaris, 13(2), 1125–1144.
Rakhmat, J. (2006). Islam dan pluralisme: Akhlak Quran menyikapi perbedaan. Penerbit Serambi.
Rakhmat, J. (2007). Dahulukan Akhlak Di Atas Fiqih. PT Mizan Publika.
Ratusan Penyintas Konflik Sunni-Syiah Sampang di Sidoarjo Kembali Pulang Kampung | tempo.co. (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2025, from https://www.tempo.co/politik/ratusan-penyintas-konflik-sunni-syiah-sampang-di-sidoarjo-kembali-pulang-kampung-191609
Saefudin, A., Munip, A., & Ulfa, K. L. (2021). Internalization of Multicultural-Based Islamic Education: Sunni-Shia Synergy in Banjaran Bangsri Village, Jepara. Edukasia : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 16(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v16i1.8803
Sofjan, D. (2013). Sejarah & budaya Syiah di Asia Tenggara. Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Suheri, S. (2024). A Contested Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) under the Majority Power: The Dynamics of Shia Community in Indonesia. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 32(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.32.2.23875
Suryana, A. (2020). The State and Religious Violence in Indonesia: Minority Faiths and Vigilantism. Routledge.
Syarif, D., Zulkarnain, I., & Sofjan, D. (2017). Anti Shiγçöism In Indonesia: Genealogy, Development, And Methods. Harmoni, 16(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v16i1.54
Syiah (ANNAS), A. N. A. (2018). Fatwa-fatwa syiah sesat. Aliansi Nasional Anti Syiah (ANNAS).
Taufani, T. (2023). Sunni-Syiah sebagai Belenggu Sejarah: Mengurai Pemikiran Ahmad Syafii Maarif tentang Konflik Internal Umat Islam. MAARIF, 18(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.47651/mrf.v18i1.214
Tentang Kami. (n.d.). I J A B I. Retrieved January 30, 2024, from http://www.ijabi.or.id/tentang-kami.html
Ulya, U. (2021). Taqiyyah sebagai Peneguhan Harmoni dan Toleransi: Studi Aksiologi. FIKRAH, 9(2), 241–368.
Widyadara, R. T. (2015). Konflik Sunni-Syiah Di Indonesia. Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 11(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.14421/rejusta.2015.1102-06
Zaim, Z. A., & Sahin, C. (2022). Otentisitas al-Qur’an dalam Tafsir Syiah: Penolakan al-Tusi, al-Tabarsi dan al-Tabataba ‘i Terhadap Tahrif al-Qur’an. Mutawatir: Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith, 12(2), 311–331.
Zakiyah, M., Rohmah, S., & Yulianto. (2022). Framing In The News Headlines Of The Shia Sampang Conflict In The National And Local Mass Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.19105/islamuna.v9i1.6533
Zulkifli, Z. (2009). The struggle of the Shi’is in Indonesia [Leiden University]. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14017
Zulkifli, Z. (2023). The dynamics of Sunni-Shia integration in Indonesia: A structural-functional perspective. IJoReSH: Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijoresh.v2i2.136-157
Zulkifli, Z. (2024). What Drives Anti-Shia Framing in Indonesia? Studia Islamika, 31(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v31i1.27713
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
Asroor, Zaimul, and Cemal Sahin. FiTUA: JURNAL STUDI ISLAM 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2025): 328-334. Accessed February 1, 2026. https://ejournal.stitbima.ac.id/index.php/fitua/article/view/1141.
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Zaimul Asroor, Cemal Sahin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
