Preventing Cyber Espionage for Social Security Stability
A Ḥadīth and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah Perspective
Keywords:
Cyber espionage, Social Security Stability, Prophet’s Hadith, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah
Abstract
Cyber espionage, referring to efforts by certain parties to illegally obtain strategic information through digital means, poses a serious threat to human survival and social stability. This issue can be objectively examined from the perspective of the Prophet’s Hadith and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This study employs a qualitative approach using a library research method. The data utilized are secondary and analyzed through descriptive analysis. The theoretical framework applied includes Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and the theory of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, with conclusions drawn using a deductive approach. The results indicate that, from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, cyber espionage undermines societal welfare and violates the five essential objectives: religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth. This practice threatens safety, causes economic losses, disrupts education and public services, and diminishes moral and ethical values in society, making its prevention a collective obligation. Prevention can be carried out through the application of Hadith, which emphasizes trustworthiness, commitment to promises, and protection of rights, as well as through CDA to build moral awareness, strengthen digital governance, promote ethical education, and enforce just laws, thereby maintaining social stability and public welfare in the digital era.
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References
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Dewi, M. C. (2022). Cyber Espionage in National and Global Perspective: How Indonesia Deal with This Issue? International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia, 1(1), 1–22.
Fairclough, N. (2023). Critical discourse analysis. In The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis (2nd ed.). Routledge.
H. Osman, R. A., Zakariyah, L., Zakariyah, H., & Ahmad Dahlan, A. R. (2021). CYBER SECURITY AND MAQASID Al- SHARIAH: A CASE OF FACEBOOK APPLICATION. International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam, 3(6), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.35631/irjsmi.36002
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Korbatieh, S. (2020). Evidence Laws in Sharia and the Impact of Modern Technology and DNA Testing. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(3), 4–29. https://doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v5i3.303
Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23–48.
Mohammed, T. A. S. (2024). A scientometric study of Maqasid al-shariah research: Trending issues, hotspot research, and co-citation analysis. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1439407
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Sayudi, M., & Parmujianto, P. (2023). TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR ON MUSLIM MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE ACTORS IN PASURUAN CITY INDONESIA. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 28(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v28i2.7711
Stupak, O. (2022). The economics of industrial cyberespionage [PhD Thesis]. University of Oxford.
Subhani, Z. H. (2023). Jasser Auda (2021). Re-Envisioning Islamic Scholarship: Maqasid Methodology as a New Approach. UK: Claritas Books & Maqasid Institute. 282 Pages. [ISBN: 978-1-80011-977-2]. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 18(2), 299–303.
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Zaprulkhan, Z. (2018). Maqāṣid Al-Shariah in the Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse: Perspective of Jasser Auda. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 26(2), 445. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.26.2.3231
(2023). Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.6
Adel, A., & Norouzifard, M. (2024). Weaponization of the Growing Cybercrimes inside the Dark Net: The Question of Detection and Application. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 8(8), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080091
Adeyeri, A., & Abroshan, H. (2024a). Geopolitical Ramifications of Cybersecurity Threats: State Responses and International Cooperations in the Digital Warfare Era. Information, 15(11), 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110682
Adeyeri, A., & Abroshan, H. (2024b). Geopolitical Ramifications of Cybersecurity Threats: State Responses and International Cooperations in the Digital Warfare Era. Information, 15(11), 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110682
Akoto, W. (2024). State-sponsored cyber attacks and co-movements in stock market returns: Evidence from US cybersecurity defense contractors. Business and Politics, 27(1), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2024.22
al-Ḍiyā’, M. ‘Abd A. (2016). Al-Jāmi‘ al-Kāmil fī al-Ḥadīth al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Shāmil al-Murattab ‘alā Abwāb al-Fiqh (1st ed.). Dār al-Salām lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzī‘.
Anstis, S. (2023). REGULATING TRANSNATIONAL DISSIDENT CYBER ESPIONAGE. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 73(1), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020589323000532
Azahari, L. M., Metussin, H. H. binti D. H., & Othman, K. (2025). Negotiating Ethics in Digital Communication: WhatsApp and Maqasid al-Shariah. Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.04.04.159
Azungah, T. (2018). Qualitative research: Deductive and inductive approaches to data analysis. Qualitative Research Journal, 18(4), 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-D-18-00035
Billah, M., Gassing, A. Q., Bakry, M., Kurniati, K., Haddade, A. W., Syamsuddin, D., Ahmad, L. O. I., & Harakan, A. (2025). Islamic law perspectives and social experiences on stigma toward disabled people in Indonesia. Frontiers in Sociology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1479243
Boulahnane, S. (Corresponding A. (2019). HOMOPHOBIA AND ‘UN-AMERICANNESS’ AS RISING FACETS OF ISLAMOPHOBIA: AN ANALYSIS OF ORLANDO SHOOTING MEDIA TRANSCRIPTS. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 14(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol14no2.11
Budimir, S., Fontaine, J. R. J., Huijts, N. M. A., Haans, A., Loukas, G., & Roesch, E. B. (2021). Emotional Reactions to Cybersecurity Breach Situations: Scenario-Based Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(5), e24879. https://doi.org/10.2196/24879
Cheong, H., Lyons, A., Houghton, R., & Majumdar, A. (2023). Secondary Qualitative Research Methodology Using Online Data within the Context of Social Sciences. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231180160
(Corresponding Author), M. A. N., Jamaludin, M. H., Mohd Nawawi, M. S. A., Ahmad Zaki, N., & Abdul Wahab, R. (2023). Astronomy Development since Antiquity to Islamic Civilization from the Perspective of Islamic Historiography. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 18(1), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol18no1.14
Cremer, F., Sheehan, B., Fortmann, M., Kia, A. N., Mullins, M., Murphy, F., & Materne, S. (2022a). Cyber risk and cybersecurity: A systematic review of data availability. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, 47(3), 698–736. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41288-022-00266-6
Cremer, F., Sheehan, B., Fortmann, M., Kia, A. N., Mullins, M., Murphy, F., & Materne, S. (2022b). Cyber risk and cybersecurity: A systematic review of data availability. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, 47(3), 698–736. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41288-022-00266-6
Dakhoir, A., Tarantang, J., & Rahman, G. (2022). BANKERS’ ATTITUDES TO THE LEGAL POSITION OF BANK INTEREST: NEW INSIGHTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIQH WASATIYAH MALIYAH. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 27(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v27i1.4085
Dewi, M. C. (2022). Cyber Espionage in National and Global Perspective: How Indonesia Deal with This Issue? International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia, 1(1), 1–22.
Fairclough, N. (2023). Critical discourse analysis. In The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis (2nd ed.). Routledge.
H. Osman, R. A., Zakariyah, L., Zakariyah, H., & Ahmad Dahlan, A. R. (2021). CYBER SECURITY AND MAQASID Al- SHARIAH: A CASE OF FACEBOOK APPLICATION. International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam, 3(6), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.35631/irjsmi.36002
Komaruddin, K., Utama, A. S., Sudarmanto, E., & Sugiono, S. (2023). Islamic Perspectives on Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Legal and Ethical Implications. West Science Law and Human Rights, 1(04), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.58812/wslhr.v1i04.323
Korbatieh, S. (2020). Evidence Laws in Sharia and the Impact of Modern Technology and DNA Testing. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(3), 4–29. https://doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v5i3.303
Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23–48.
Mohammed, T. A. S. (2024). A scientometric study of Maqasid al-shariah research: Trending issues, hotspot research, and co-citation analysis. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1439407
Morales-Sáenz, F. I., Medina-Quintero, J. M., & Reyna-Castillo, M. (2024). Beyond Data Protection: Exploring the Convergence between Cybersecurity and Sustainable Development in Business. Sustainability, 16(14), 5884. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145884
Mubasit, M., Rosidi, R., Gandhi, A., Nasuha, A. F., & Ambarwati, D. (2025). THE STRATEGY OF COLLECTING ZAKAT, INFAQ, AND SHODAQOH FUNDS FROM ORPHANAGE INSTITUTIONS IN URBAN MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN BANDAR LAMPUNG. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 30(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v30i1.10227
Rahman, A., & Firdaus, W. M. (2021). The Impact of Information and Communication Technology Literacy on Indonesian Student’s Achievement. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Assessment and Policy (ICEAP 2020), Iceap-20. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210423.066
Rohman, T., Huda, U., & Hartono, H. (2020). Methodology of Hadith Research: The Study of Hadith Criticism. Journal of Hadith Studies, 2(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.32506/johs.v2i1.26
Savaş, S., & Karataş, S. (2022). Cyber governance studies in ensuring cybersecurity: An overview of cybersecurity governance. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 3(1), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-021-00045-4
Sayudi, M., & Parmujianto, P. (2023). TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR ON MUSLIM MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE ACTORS IN PASURUAN CITY INDONESIA. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 28(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v28i2.7711
Stupak, O. (2022). The economics of industrial cyberespionage [PhD Thesis]. University of Oxford.
Subhani, Z. H. (2023). Jasser Auda (2021). Re-Envisioning Islamic Scholarship: Maqasid Methodology as a New Approach. UK: Claritas Books & Maqasid Institute. 282 Pages. [ISBN: 978-1-80011-977-2]. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 18(2), 299–303.
Tajedini, O., Khasseh, A. A., Afzali, M., & Sadatmoosavi, A. (2019). How to increase the loyalty of public library users? A qualitative study. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 52(2), 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000619856081
Ulven, J. B., & Wangen, G. (2021). A Systematic Review of Cybersecurity Risks in Higher Education. Future Internet, 13(2), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13020039
Yusuf, S., Marhumah, M., Muslim, A., & Zainuddin, N. (2025). CHARACTER EDUCATION FOR CONTEMPORARY URBAN MUSLIM STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AT UII AND UMY STUDENT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS. Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 30(1), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v30i1.9596
Zaprulkhan, Z. (2018). Maqāṣid Al-Shariah in the Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse: Perspective of Jasser Auda. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 26(2), 445. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.26.2.3231
(2023). Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.6
Published
2026-06-28
How to Cite
Lensa, Hendri, Marwan Mas’ud, and Teguh Prayoga. FiTUA: JURNAL STUDI ISLAM 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2026): 122-134. Accessed July 4, 2026. https://ejournal.stitbima.ac.id/index.php/fitua/article/view/1314.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Hendri Waluyo Lensa, Marwan Mas'ud, Teguh Dwi Prayoga
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